Islamic civilization; civilization, Arab; Western influences.

Ghazzālī, 1058-1111; views on behaviorism ; religious aspects; Islam.

Taftāzānī, Masʻūd ibn ʻUmar, 1322-1389?. Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-al-kalām.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the flow of MHD mixed convection nanofluid flow under nonlinear heated due to an extending surface. The transfer of heat in nanofluid subject to a magnetic field and boundary conditions of convective is studied to obtain the physical meaning of the convection phenomenon. The governing partial differential equations of the boundary layer are reduced to ordinary differential equations considering a technique of the transformation of similarity. The transformed equations are solved numerically considering (...) the technique of an efficient numerical shooting applying the Runge–Kutta technique scheme from the fourth-fifth order. The results corresponding to the dimensionless speed, temperature, concentration profiles, and the Nusselt number reduced, and the Sherwood numbers are presented by figures to display the physical meaning of the phenomena. A comparison has been made between the obtained results with the previous results obtained by others and agrees with them if the new parameters vanish. The results obtained indicate the impacts of the nondimensional governing parameters, namely, magnetic field parameter M, Soret number Sr, heat source λ, thermal buoyancy parameter λ T, and solutal buoyancy parameter λ C on the flow, temperature, and concentration profiles being discussed and presented graphically. (shrink)

al-juzʼ al-awwal. rubʻ al-ʻibādāt wa-rubʻ al-ʻādāt wa-yashtamil ʻalá al-manhaj, al-ʻaqāʼid, al-ʻibādāt, al-muʻāmālāt, al-ādāb-- al-juzʼ al-thānī.

The question of providence and contingency in contemporary Western thought: a critical study from an Islamic perspective.

1. al-Muqaddimah -- 2-8. Ṣifāt mustaḥabbah -- 9-11. Ṣifāt madhmūmah -- 12. al-Fahāris.

al-Juzʼ 1. Min tajārib al-shuʻūb -- al-juzʼ 2. al-Tajribah al-Sūdānīyah.

Ibn Taymīyah, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm, 1263-1328; views on philosophy, Islamic; Muslim philosophers; history; apologetic work; editor's Ph.D. dissertation.

al-Qism al-awwal. al-Iftirāḍ al-musbaq fī al-lisānīyāt al-ḥadīthah -- al-qism al-thānī. al-Iftirāḍ al-musbaq fī al-turāth al-ʻarabī wa-al-islāmī.

al-juzʼ 1. al-Mushkilāt al-falsafīyah -- al-juzʼ 2. Taṭawwur manāhij al-ʻulūm.

al-juzʼ 1. al-Alfāẓ wa-madhāhib -- al-juzʼ 2. al-Mafāhīm wa-al-uṣūl.

Faith and reason; Islam; Islamic philosophy.